Bugs Bunny D Essay Example For Students

Bugs Bunny : D Essay Bugs Bunny is an American fictional character who starred in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series of animated films produced by Leon Schlesinger Productions, which became Warner Bros. Cartoons in 1944. In 2002, he was named by TV Guide as the best cartoon character of all time. Bugs starred in 163 shorts in the Golden Age of American animation, and made cameos in three others along with a few appearances in non-animated films. According to Bugs Bunny: 50 Years and Only One Grey Hare, he was born in 1940 in Brooklyn, New York (in a warren under Ebbets Field, famed home of the Brooklyn Dodgers), created by Tex Avery (who directed A Wild Hare, Bugs Bunnys debut) and Robert McKimson (who created the definitive Bugs Bunny character design), among many others. According to Mel Blanc, the characters original voice actor, Bugs Bunny has a Flatbush accent, an equal blend of the Bronx and Brooklyn dialects (of the New York Accent). His catchphrase is a casual Eh whats up, doc? , usually said while chewing a carrot. His other popular phrases include Of course you realize, this means war, Aint I a stinker? and I knew I shoulda taken that left turn at Albuquerque. Bugs Bunny is the main character of the Looney Tunes series. Contents 1 History 1. 1 The unnamed, prototype Warner Bros. rabbit 1. 2 Bugs Bunny emerges 1. 3 World War II 1. 4 The post-war era 1. 5 After the classic cartoon era 2 Personality and catchphrases 2. 1 Rabbit or hare? 2. 2 The opening and closing 3 Voice actors 4 Cameos 5 International 6 Current popularity 7 Awards 7. 1 Academy Awards 7. 2 Academy Award nominations See also 9 References 10 Bibliography 11 External links History The unnamed, prototype Warner Bros. rabbit Main article: Evolution of Bugs Bunny An unnamed rabbit bearing some of the personality, if not physical characteristics of Bugs, first appeared in the cartoon short Porkys Hare Hunt, released on April 30, 1938. Co-directed by Ben Hardaway and an uncredited Cal Dalton (who was responsible for the initial de sign of the rabbit), this short had a theme almost identical to that of the 1937 cartoon, Porkys Duck Hunt (directed by Tex Avery), which had introduced Daffy Duck. Porky Pig was again cast as a hunter tracking another silly prey who seemed less interested in escape than in driving his pursuer insane; this short replaced the black duck with a small white rabbit. The rabbit introduces himself with the odd expression Jiggers, fellers, and Mel Blanc gave the rabbit nearly the voice and laugh that he would later use for Woody Woodpecker. This cartoon also features the famous Groucho Marx line that Bugs would use many times: Of course you know, this means war! The rabbit developed a following from the audience viewing this cartoon which inspired the Schlesinger staff to further develop the character. First incarnation of the rabbit debuts in Porkys Hare Hunt (1938)The rabbits second appearance came in 1939s Prest-O Change-O, directed by Chuck Jones, where he is the pet rabbit of unseen character Sham-Fu the Magician. Two dogs, fleeing the local dogcatcher, enter his absent masters house. The rabbit harasses them, but is ultimately bested by the bigger of the two dogs. His third appearance was in another 1939 cartoon, Hare-um Scare-um, directed by Dalton and Hardaway. This short, the first where he was depicted as a gray bunny instead of a white one, is also notable both for the rabbits first singing role. Charlie Thorson, lead animator on the short, was the first to give the character a name. He had written Bugs Bunny on the model sheet that he drew for Hardaway, implying that he considered the rabbit model sheet to be Hardaways property. In promotional material for the short (such as a surviving 1939 presskit), the name on the model sheet was altered to become the rabbits own name: Bugs Bunny (quotation marks only used at the very beginning), evidently named in honor of Bugs Hardaway. 3] In Chuck Jones Elmers Candid Camera the rabbit first encounters Elmer Fudd. This rabbit has more of a physical resemblance to the present-day Bugs, being taller and having a more similar face. The voice for this rabbit, however, was not similar to the well-known Brooklyn-Bronx accent, but spoke in a rural drawl. This early version of Elmer is also quite different from the present-day one, being much fatter and taller, although the voice, done by Arthur Q. Bryan, is the same. In Robert Clampetts 1940 Patient Porky, a similar rabbit appears to trick the audience into thinking that 750 rabbits have been born. In his later years, Mel Blanc stated that a proposed name was Happy Rabbit. Ironically, the only time the name Happy was used was in reference to Bugs Hardaway. In the cartoon Hare-um Scare-um, the newspaper headline reads, Happy Hardaway. Bugs Bunny emerges Bugs appearance in A Wild Hare, directed by Tex Avery and released on July 27, 1940, is considered the first appearance of both Elmer and Bugs in their fully developed forms. It was in this cartoon that he first emerged from his rabbit hole to ask Elmer Fudd, now a hunter rather than a photographer, Whats up, Doc? Animation historian Joe Adamson counts A Wild Hare as the first official Bugs Bunny short. It is also the first cartoon where Mel Blanc uses a recognizable version of the voice of Bugs that would eventually become the standard. Bugs second appearance in Jones Elmers Pet Rabbit finally introduced the audience to the name Bugs Bunny, which up until then had only been used among the Termite Terrace employees. However, the rabbit here is absolutely identical to the one in Jones earlier Elmers Candid Camera, both visually and vocally. It was also the first short where he received billing under his now-famous name, but the card, featuring Bugs Bunny, was just slapped on the end of the completed shorts opening titles when A Wild Hare proved an unexpected success. He would soon become the most prominent of the Looney Tunes characters as his calm, flippant insouciance endeared him to American audiences during and after World War II. Bugs would appear in five more shorts during 1941: Tortoise Beats Hare, directed by Tex Avery and featuring the first appearance of Cecil Turtle; Hiawathas Rabbit Hunt, the first Bugs Bunny short to be directed by Friz Freleng; All This and Rabbit Stew, directed by Avery and featuring a young African-American hunter (based heavily on racial stereotypes) as Bugs antagonist; The Heckling Hare, the final Bugs short Avery worked on before being fired (Avery and producer Schlesinger vehemently disagreed over the ending gag of The Heckling Hare, and Avery refused to compromise his creative principles) and leaving for MGM; and Wabbit Twouble, the first Bugs short directed by Robert Clampett. Wabbit Twouble was also the first of five Bugs shorts to feature a chubbier remodel of Elmer Fudd, a short-lived attempt to have Fudd more closely resemble his voice actor, comedian Arthur Q. Bryan. World War II By 1942, Bugs had become the number one star of the Merrie Melodies series, which had originally been intended only for one-shot characters in shorts after several early attempts to introduce characters failed under Harman-Ising, but had started introducing newer characters in 1937 under Schlesinger. Bugs 1942 shorts included Friz Frelengs The Wabbit Who Came to Supper, and the Robert Clampett shorts The Wacky Wabbit and Bugs Bunny Gets the Boid (which introduced Beaky Buzzard). Bugs Bunny Gets the Boid also marks a slight redesign of Bugs, making his front teeth less prominent and his head rounder. The man responsible for this redesign was Robert McKimson, at the time working as an animator under Robert Clampett. The redesign at first was only used in the shorts created by Clampetts production team but in time, it would be adopted by the other directors, with Freleng and Frank Tashlin the first to adopt this design. Upon his own promotion to director, McKimson created yet another version with more slanted eyes, longer teeth and a much larger mouth, which he (and, for the one Bugs Bunny cartoon he directed, Art Davis) used until 1949, when he started using the version he had designed for Clampett. Jones would come up with his own slight modification, and the voice as well would vary mildly between the units. Other 1942 Bugs shorts included Chuck Jones Hold the Lion, Please, Frelengs Fresh Hare and The Hare-Brained Hypnotist (which restored Elmer Fudd to his previous size), and Jones Case of the Missing Hare. He also made cameo appearances in Tex Averys final Warner Bros. hort, Crazy Cruise, and starred in the two-minute United States war bonds commercial film Any Bonds Today. Bugs was popular during World War II because of his free and easy attitude, and began receiving special star billing in his cartoons by 1943. By that time, Warner Bros. was the most profitable cartoon studio in the United States. Like other cartoon studios, such as Disney and Famous Studios had been doing, Warners put Bugs in opposition to the periods biggest enemies: Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and the Japanese. The 1944 short Bugs Bunny Nips the Nips features Bugs at odds with a group of Japanese soldiers. This cartoon has since been pulled from distribution due to its racial stereotypes. Since Bugs debut in A Wild Hare, he had appeared only in color Merrie Melodie cartoons (making him one of the few recurring characters created for that series in the Leon Schlesinger era prior to the full conversion to color, alongside Elmers prototype Egghead, Inki, Sniffles, and Elmer himself who was heard but not seen in the 1942 Looney Tunes cartoon Nutty News, and made his first formal appearance in that series in 1943s To Duck or Not To Duck). While he did make a cameo appearance in the 1943 Porky and Daffy cartoon Porky Pigs Feat marking his only appearance in a black-and-white Looney Tune cartoon, he did not star in a cartoon in the Looney Tunes series until that series made its complete conversion to only color cartoons beginning with 1944 releases. Buckaroo Bugs was Bugs first cartoon in the Looney Tunes series, and was also the last WB cartoon to credit Leon Schlesinger. Among his most notable civilian shorts during this period are Bob Clampetts Tortoise Wins by a Hare (the sequel to Tortoise Beats Hare from 1941), A Corny Concerto (a spoof of Disneys Fantasia), Falling Hare, and Whats Cookin Doc? ; and Chuck Jones Superman parody Super-Rabbit, and Frelengs Little Red Riding Rabbit. The 1944 short Bugs Bunny and the Three Bears introduced Jones The Three Bears characters. In the cartoon Super-Rabbit, Bugs was seen in the end wearing a USMC dress uniform. As a result, the United States Marine Corps made Bugs an honorary Marine Master Sergeant. From 1943-1946, Bugs was the official mascot of Kingman Army Air Field, Kingman, Arizona, where thousands of aerial gunners were trained during World War II. Some notable trainees included Clark Gable and Charles Bronson. Bugs also served as the mascot for 530 Squadron of the 380th Bombardment Group, 5th Air Force, USAF, which was attached to the Royal Australian Air Force and operated out of Australias Northern Territory from 1943 to 1945, flying B-24 Liberator bombers. In 1944, Bugs Bunny actually made a cameo appearance in Jasper Goes Hunting, a short produced by rival studio Paramount Pictures. In this cameo (animated by Robert McKimson, with Mel Blanc providing the voice), Bugs pops out of a rabbit hole, saying his usual catchphrase; Bugs then says, I must be in the wrong picture and then goes back in the hole. He also appeared fleetingly in the 1947 Arthur Davis cartoon The Goofy Gophers. The post-war era A scene from Bewitched Bunny (1954)A slight variation of how the character was drawn in the 1950s can be seen in the frame from Bewitched Bunny (1954). The inner pinkish parts of the ears have been reduced becoming more v-shaped at the top end and the ovalness of the eyes also replaced with a more top v shaped look. His cheeks protrude out more, and body is more compacted, when compared how he was drawn in the 1940s, arising to the distinct look of how he is drawn today. Since then, Bugs has appeared in numerous cartoon shorts in the Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies series, making his last appearance in the theatrical cartoons in 1964 with False Hare. He was directed by Friz Freleng, Robert McKimson, Arthur Davis and Chuck Jones and appeared in feature films, including Who Framed Roger Rabbit (which featured the first-ever meeting between Bugs and his box-office rival Mickey Mouse), Space Jam (which co-starred Michael Jordan), and the 2003 movie Looney Tunes: Back in Action. The Bugs Bunny short Knighty Knight Bugs (1958), in which a medieval Bugs Bunny traded blows with Yosemite Sam and his fire-breathing dragon (which has a cold), won the Academy Award for Best Short Subject: Cartoons of 1958. Three of Chuck Jones Bugs Bunny shortsRabbit Fire, Rabbit Seasoning, and Duck, Rabbit, Duck! comprise what is often referred to as the Duck Season/Rabbit Season trilogy, and are considered among the directors best works. Jones 1957 classic, Whats Opera, Doc? features Bugs and Elmer parodying Wagners Der Ring des Nibelungen, and has been deemed culturally significant by the United States Library of Congress and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry. It was the first cartoon short to receive this honor. Bugs appeared in the 1957 short Show Biz Bugs with Daffy Duck, which features a controversial finish in which Daffy Duck, in an attempt to wow the (partisan) audience, did a dangerous magical act in which he (in sequence) drank gasoline, swallowed nitroglycerine, gunpowder, and uranium-238 (in a greenish solution), jumped up and down to shake well, and finally swallowed a match that detonated the whole improbable mixture. That incident caused some TV stations, and in the 1990s the cable network TNT, to edit out the dangerous act, fearing that young kids might try to imitate it. In the fall of 1960, The Bugs Bunny Show, a television program which packaged many of the post-1948 Warners shorts with newly animated wraparounds, debuted on ABC. The show was originally aired in prime-time. After two seasons, it was moved to reruns on Saturday mornings. The Bugs Bunny Show changed format and exact title frequently (the packaging was completely different, with each short simply presented on its own, title and all, though some clips from the new bridging material was used as filler), but it remained on network television for 40 years. After the classic cartoon era When Mel Blanc died in 1989, Jeff Bergman, Joe Alaskey and Billy West became the new voices to Bugs Bunny and the rest of the Looney Tunes, taking turns doing the voices at various times. Income Inequality EssayLater Bugs Bunny defeated the Count Blood Count in a magical spell duel. However, the story was a dream and Bugs Bunnys victory over Count Blood Count was a result of his intellect, not innate magical power. Rabbit or hare? The animators throughout Bugs history have treated the terms rabbit and hare as synonymous. Taxonomically they are not synonymous, being somewhat similar but observably different types of lagomorphs. Hares have much longer ears than rabbits, so Bugs might seem to be of the hare family, yet rabbits live in burrows, like Bugs is seen to do. Many more of the cartoon titles include the word hare rather than rabbit, as hare lends itself easily to puns (hair, air, etc. ) Within the cartoons, although the term hare comes up sometimes, again typically as a pun (for example, Bugs drinking hare tonic to stop falling hare or being doused with hare restorer to bring him back from invisibility), Bugs as well as his antagonists most often refer to the character as a rabbit. The word bunny is of no help in answering this question, as it is a synonym for both young hares and young rabbits. In Nike commercials with Michael Jordan, Bugs had been referred to as Hare Jordan. The opening and closing In the opening of many of the Bugs Bunny cartoons, the Merrie Melodies and Looney Tunes rings contain Bugs Bunnys head after the Warner Bros. shield (generally from 1944 and 1949 onward). Others have Bugs Bunny relaxing on top of the Warner Bros. hield: He chews on his carrot, looks angrily at the camera and pulls down the next logo (Merrie Melodies or Looney Tunes) like a window shade (generally on cartoons between 1945 until early 1949). Then he lifts it back up, to now be seen lying on his own name, which then fades into the title of the specific short. In some other cases, the title card sometimes fades to him, already on his name and chewing his carrot then fade to the name of the short. At the finish of some, Bugs breaks out of a drum (like Porky Pig) and says, And thats the end. Also, at the end of Box Office Bunny, right after Daffy Duck and Elmer Fudd run out through the Looney Tunes Thats All Folks! sequence, Bugs later comes in through the rings and says, And thats all, folks! . He did the ending for the last time at the end of Space Jam but this time saying Well, thats all, folks! . Voice actors The following are the many voice actors who have voiced the character Bugs Bunny over the last seventy years: Mel Blanc voiced the character for 49 years, from Bugs debut in A Wild Hare (1940) until Blancs death in 1989. Blanc described the voice as a combination of Bronx and Brooklyn accents; however, Tex Avery claimed that he asked Blanc to give the character not a New York accent per se, but a voice like that of actor Frank McHugh, who frequently appeared in supporting roles in the 1930s and whose voice might be described as New York Irish. 1] In Bugs second cartoon Elmers Pet Rabbit, Blanc created a completely new voice for Bugs, which sounded like a Jimmy Stewart impression, but the directors decided the previous voice was better. Though his best-known character was the carrot-chomping rabbit, munching on the carrots interrupted the dialogue. Various substitut es, such as celery, were tried, but none of them sounded like a carrot. So for the sake of expedience, he would munch and then spit the carrot bits into a spittoon rather than swallowing them, and continue with the dialogue. One oft-repeated story, possibly originating from Bugs Bunny: Superstar, is that he was allergic to carrots and had to spit them out to minimize any allergic reaction — but his utobiography makes no such claim; in fact, in a 1984 interview with Tim Lawson, co-author of The Magic Behind The Voices: A Whos Who of Cartoon Voice Actors (University Press of Mississippi, 2004), Blanc emphatically denied being allergic to carrots. Jeff Bergman was the first to voice Bugs (and several other Looney Tunes characters) after Mel Blanc died in 1989. He got the job by impressing Warner Bros. higher-ups with a tape of himself re-creating the voices of several of Blancs characters, including Bugs Bunny. He had rigged the tape player so that he could use a switch to insta ntly toggle back and forth between the original recording of Blanc and Bergmans recording of the same lines. Upon doing this, it was almost impossible for the producers to tell which voice was Blancs and which voice was Bergman; thus his vocal ability was established and his career launched. Bergman first voiced Bugs during the 1990 Academy Awards and then in Box Office Bunny, a 4-minute Looney Tunes short released in 1990 to commemorate Bugs fiftieth anniversary. Bergman would next voice Bugs Bunny in the 1991 short (Blooper) Bunny, a Greg Ford-directed cartoon also produced to coincide with Bugs Bunnys fiftieth anniversary. However, the short never received its intended theatrical release and was shelved for years, until Cartoon Network rediscovered it and broadcast it on their channel several years later. (Blooper) Bunny has since garnered a cult following among animation fans for its use of edgy humor. 16] Other works for which Bergman provided Bugs voice include Invasion of the Bunny Snatchers (an obvious parody of the 1950s sci-fi classic Invasion of the Body Snatchers), Tiny Toon Ad ventures (a popular television program of the early nineties that featured the classic Looney Tunes characters as mentors to their younger counterparts) in the first season, and Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (a television special exposing children to dangers of illegal drugs). Bergman would continue to do the voice of Bugs Bunny until 1993. In 2010, for the first time in nearly a decade, Bergman will return to voice Bugs Bunny for Cartoon Networks upcoming series, The Looney Tunes Show. Greg Burson first voiced Bugs in later episodes of Tiny Toon Adventures. He was then given the responsibility of voicing Bugs in 1995s Carrotblanca, a well-received 8-minute Looney Tunes cartoon originally shown in cinemas alongside The Amazing Panda Adventure (US) and The Pebble and the Penguin (non-US); it has since been released on video packaged with older Looney Tunes cartoons and was even included in the special edition DVD release of Casablanca, of which it is both a parody and an homage. Burson next voiced Bugs in the 1996 short From Hare to Eternity; the film is notable for being dedicated to the memory of the then-just deceased Friz Freleng, and for being the final Looney Tunes cartoon that Chuck Jones directed. Greg Burson also provided Bugs voice in The Bugs and Daffy Show, which ran on Cartoon Network from 1996 to 2003. He died in 2008. Billy West has been in television since the late 1980s. His first role was for the 1988 revived version of Bob Clampetts Beany and Cecil. Wests breakthrough role then came almost immediately, as the voice of Stimpy and later Ren in John Kricfalusis Ren Stimpy. West has since been the voice talent for close to 120 different characters, including some of the most iconic animated figures in television history. Perhaps Wests most notable film work came in the 1996 movie Space Jam. Starring alongside Michael Jordan, West provided the voice of both Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd. West would go on to reprise the roles of Bugs in subsequent Looney Tunes productions, including his cameos on Histeria! , the Kids WB! romotional spots, and the 2006 Christmas-themed special Bah, Humduck! A Looney Tunes Christmas and the DVD compilations Reality Check and Stranger Than Fiction, along with several Looney Tunes-centric CDs, cartoons, and video games. Billy West is, along with fellow voice artist Joe Alaskey, credited as one of the current successors of Mel B lanc in impersonating the voice of Bugs Bunny. Joe Alaskey, like Jeff Bergman, is well-known for his ability to successfully impersonate many Looney Tunes characters. In fact, Alaskey voiced Yosemite Sam in Who Framed Roger Rabbit, as original voice actor Mel Blanc had found it too hard on his vocal cords. This makes Sam one of the few voices created by Blanc to be voiced by someone else during his lifetime. ) Joe Alaskeys first performance as Bugs Bunny came in the 2003 feature film Looney Tunes: Back in Action, although he had tested performing the role in a few earlier projects, such as Tweetys High-Flying Adventure. While still best known for providing the voice of Daffy Duck, Alaskey has also gone on to do Bugs voice in several subsequent productions, including Daffy Duck for President (which was released on The Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 2 and dedicated to then-just deceased Chuck Jones) and several recent video games and Looney Tunes cartoons, including Hare and L oathing in Las Vegas. Joe Alaskey is, along with fellow voice actor Billy West, credited as one of the current successors of Mel Blanc in impersonating the voice of Bugs Bunny. Samuel Vincent served as the voice of Bugs in the Cartoon Network TV series Baby Looney Tunes. Noel Blanc, Mel Blancs son, voiced Bugs for the Tiny Toons special Its a Wonderful Tiny Toon Christmas Special. The elder Blanc claimed in his later years that Noel substituted for Mel in various cartoon studios, including doing Bugs at Warner Bros. , while he was recovering from a near-fatal car wreck. Noel can also be seen doing Bugs voice with his father in the documentary on the making of the film Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Cameos Bugs Bunny has had cameo appearances in several cartoons, including one Private SNAFU short. For his appearance in The Goofy Gophers his voice was sped up. Crazy Cruise (1942) Porky Pigs Feat (1943) This marks Bugs only appearance in a black-and-white Looney Tunes short. Jasper Goes Hunting (1944, for Paramount) Odor-able Kitty (1945) The Goofy Gophers (1947) The Lions Busy (1950) Duck Amuck (1953) Justice League: The New Frontier (2008, as one of the forms of The Martian Manhunter). He was voiced by Joe Alaskey. Family Guy (The Most notable being Elmer Fudd instantly shooting Bugs and breaking his neck afterwards). Seth MacFarlane provided the voice of Bugs. International Bugs Bunny cartoons air in countries outside of the United States. In most cases, the original US cartoons are simply redubbed in the native language and the characters are usually given names more fitting for the country in which they are appearing. For example, in Finland, Bugs Bunny is called Vaiski Vemmelsaari. Current popularity In 2002, TV Guide compiled a list of the 50 greatest cartoon characters of all time as part of the magazines 50th anniversary. Bugs Bunny was given the honor of number 1. In a CNN broadcast on July 31, 2002, a TV Guide editor talked about the group that created the list. The editor also explained why Bugs pulled top billing: His stock has never gone down Bugs is the best example of the smart-aleck American comic. He not only is a great cartoon character, hes a great comedian. He was written well. He was drawn beautifully. He has thrilled and made many generations laugh. He is tops. Additionally, in Animal Planets 50 Greatest Movie Animals (2004), Bugs was named #3, behind Mickey Mouse and Toto. Bugs Bunnys enduring impact on comedic actors also cannot be overestimated. During an interview for Inside the Actors Studio, comedian Dave Chappelle cited Bugs Bunny as one of his earliest influences, praising voice actor Mel Blanc. According to Time Warner, Bugs Bunny became the current official mascot for Six Flags theme parks beginning with their 45th anniversary. Awards Academy Awards Knighty Knight Bugs (1958) edit] Academy Award nominations A Wild Hare (1940) Hiawathas Rabbit Hunt (1941) See also The Golden Age of American animation List of Bugs Bunny cartoons Looney Tunes List of Looney Tunes feature-length films References 1. ^ a b c Barrier, Michael (2003-11-06). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. United States: Oxford Universi ty Press. p. 672. ISBN 978-0195167290. 2. ^ Bugs Bunny#39. Encyclop? dia Britannica. Britannica. com. http://www. britannica. com/eb/article-9095426/Bugs-Bunny. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 3. ^ Leading the Animation Conversation  » Rare 1939 Looney Tunes Book found! . Cartoon Brew. 2008-04-03. http://www. artoonbrew. com/classic/rare-1938-looney-tunes-book-found. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 4. ^ a b Blanc, Mel; Bashe, Philip (1989). Thats Not All, Folks!. Clayton South, VIC, Australia: Warner Books. 5. ^ Looney Tunes Hidden Gags. Gregbrian. tripod. com. http://gregbrian. tripod. com/hidden/hid04. html. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 6. ^ Adamson, Joe (1990). Bugs Bunny: 50 Years and Only One Grey Hare. Henry Holt. ISBN 0-8050-1855-7. 7. ^ Lehman, Christopher P. (2008). The Colored Cartoon: Black Representation in American Animated Short Films, 1907-1954. Amherst, Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 73. ISBN 9781558496132. http://books. google. com/? d=xMWhTUFFuqoCpg=PA73lpg=PA73dq=%22 any+bonds+today%22+%22bugs+bunny%22+theatrical+cartoon. Retrieved 2009-02-25. 8. ^ Audio commentary by Paul Dini for Super-Rabbit on the Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 3 (2005). 9. ^ History of the 380th Bomb Group. 380th. org. http://380th. org/380-History. html. Retrieved 2010-01-07. 10. ^ a b Jasper Goes Hunting information. Bcdb. com. http://www. bcdb. com/cartoon/36556-Jasper_Goes_Hunting. html. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 11. ^ Looney Tunes: Bugs Bunny stamp. National Postal Museum Smithsonian. 12. ^ http://www. comingsoon. net/news/movienews. php? id=68752 13. ^ Transcript of Duck Soup. Script-o-rama. com. http://www. script-o-rama. om/movie_scripts/d/duck-soup-script-transcript-marx. html. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 14. ^ It Happened One Night film review by Tim Dirks. Filmsite. org. http://www. filmsite. org/itha. html. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 15. ^ Adamson, Joe (1975). Tex Avery: King of Cartoons. New York: De Capo Press. 16. ^ a b Knight, Richard. Consider the Source. Chicagor eader. com. http://www. chicagoreader. com/movies/archives/2001/0101/010126. html. Retrieved 2009-09-20. 17. ^ Piirroselokuvien taitaja Chuck Jones kuollut. Mtv3. fi. February 23, 2002. http://www. mtv3. fi/uutiset/arkisto. shtml/arkistot/kulttuuri/2002/02/101933. Retrieved 2009-12-06. 18. ^ Bugs Bunny tops greatest cartoon